ABSTRACT
Background: Patients with liver disorders are often found to have deranged lipid profile. Clear decline is observed in the levels of cholesterol as well as TG among individuals having severe hepatitis and liver failure as synthesis of lipoprotein is reduced. This study was done to determine the frequency of dyslipidemia and the mean lipid profile values in patients of liver cirrhosis.Methods: A cross sectional, descriptive study, done at the Department of Medicine, Medical Unit-1, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, from July to December 2019. A total of 246 patients presented with cirrhosis of liver of age 20-60 years and both genders were included. Analysis for serum total cholesterol (TC) level, serum triglycerides level, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were done and findings were noted.Results: Mean age was 51.67±6.21 years. Out of the 246 patients, 153 (62.20%) were male and 93 (37.80%) were females with male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Mean values of lipid were, LDL cholesterol 95.76±29.65 mg/dl, HDL 43.37±11.46 mg/dl, TC 147.51±42.69 mg/dl and TG 101.29±21.59 mg/dl. Dyslipidemia was found in 59 (23.98%) patients, whereas there was no dyslipidemia in 187 (76.02%) patients.Conclusions: Frequency of dyslipidemia in cirrhotic patients is high. Evaluating patients of liver cirrhosis, dyslipidemia need to be considered for early recognition and analysis.
ABSTRACT
The aim of present work was to investigate blends of Eudragit® NE 30D with Aquacoat® ECD using different ratios to eliminate curing effect associated with individual polymers. Propranolol HCl 10% w/w was layered onto sugar cores using 5% w/w HPMC as a binder. Drug-layered-cores were coated either with pure or blends of Aquacoat® ECD: Eudragit® NE 30D in a fluidized bed coater to obtain 20% w/w coating level. Talc 35% w/w was used as anti-tacking agent. The pellets were characterized for in vitro dissolution studies, morphology, water uptake-weight loss, osmolality and adhesion of coating after curing at 60 °C or 60 °C/75% RH for 24 h. The findings revealed that Aquacoat® ECD coated pellets showed curing effect due to further gradual coalescence of polymeric particles which resulted into better film formation upon curing. In contrast, the curing effect of Eudragit® NE 30D coated pellets was caused by decrease in adhesion of coatings after curing which provided entirely different swelling behavior of uncured (localized swelling) and cured (uniform swelling) pellets. The undesired curing effect of individual polymers was eliminated by using their blends in appropriate ratio.
Subject(s)
Polymers/analysis , /classification , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning/methods , Drug Delivery Systems/adverse effectsABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice of implant retained restorations [IRR] among senior dental students in Saudi Arabia. Four hundred questionnaires were distributed among senior dental students of five dental schools in Saudi Arabia. Student's knowledge was assessed regarding which implant restoration [cement retained restoration [CRR] or screw retained restoration [SRR]] better provides the desired clinical properties. Students' practice of IRR, perception of their knowledge and need for further education related to IRR were also assessed. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were employed to assess collected data. Three hundred and fifty four senior dental students responded at a response rate of 88.5%. Thirty three percent respondents did not have any practical experience of IRR. Students showed a clear preference for CRR with regards to aesthetics [71.4%], passive fit [55.3%], fabrication ease [57.3%] and fracture resistance [40%]. SRR were considered to provide better retention [59.6%], soft tissue health [51.1%] and ease of retrievability [72%]. Nearly 40% of students agreed that they did not get sufficient information related to IRR in undergraduate courses. Clinical training of IRR is compromised in the undergraduate curriculum in dental schools of Saudi Arabia. The knowledge of dental students regarding IRR was broadly in line with current evidence
ABSTRACT
Background: Obesity acts as a risk factor for many diseases like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and ischemic heart disease. Recently, it has been found that obesity is also associated with periodontal disease especially in adults and urban population
Objective: The objective of the present study was to assess association between obesity and alveolar bone loss caused by periodontal diseases in urban Pakistani population in 30-40 years age group
Subjects and Methods: 100 patients of established periodontal disease were selected based on Community Periodontal Index [CPI]. Patients were divided into obese and non-obese groups of 50 each. The criterion for diagnosis obesity was based on body mass index [BMI]. The selection of all 100 subjects was done according to exclusion and inclusion criteria which possibly excluded all other factors which might enhance alveolar bone loss except obesity. Then panoramic radiographs of all subjects were taken and alveolar bone loss was measured. Then to rule out the effect of age on alveolar bone loss an age-related alveolar bone score was calculated for all subjects of both; obese and non-obese group
Results: In this study there were 43 males and 57 females with the mean age of 35.10+2.24 and mean alveolar bone score 64.51+8.21. Obese patients had higher Alveolar Bone loss sore than non-obese individuals with an odds ratio of 4.33 [2.43 - 6.57]
Conclusion: In middle aged patients of periodontal disease belonging to urban Pakistani population obesity as assessed by body mass index [BMI] is associated with increased alveolar bone loss
ABSTRACT
About 5 million people are infected with hepatitis B virus and about 10 million people harbor the hepatitis C virus in Pakistan. Management of chronic hepatitis in Pakistan carries substantial social impact like fear of tolerability of the drug due to its side effects and the most commonly its affordability. Interferon in combination with Ribavirin is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients. There are about 60 preparations are available in Pakistan imported from different countries with claim of bioavailability more than 90% . Bioavailability of interferon has not been studied yet in Pakistan. This study was designed to find out the first dose bioavailability of the three formulations of interferon alpha 2b which are commonly prescribed by using limited sampling strategy to help the physician to select the drug with maximum bioavailability
Aim and objectives: the study was conducted to see the bioavailability of interferon in three formulations of interferon alpha 2b in patients with chronic hepatitis C patients
Methods: this was a Quasi - experimental study including sixty patients of either gender. These patients were divided into three groups at random after giving them first dose of three million units of interferon alpha 2b subcutaneously. Group 1: Uniferon [Getz Pharma Brand] Group 2: Ceron-alfa [Biocare Pharma] Group 3: Anferon [CCL Pharmaceuticals] Blood samples were collected at 00, 08, 20 hours according to limiting sampling strategy
Results: the bioavailability was found to be 70% , 60% and 55% in group 1, 2, and 3 respectively. The difference was statistically significant [p < 0.5] based on ANOVA and t-test. Almost all patients reported mild interferon side effects [flu-like symptoms, headache]
Conclusions: different formulations have variable bioavailability and there is a strong reason to choose the best drug with maximum bioavailability to give the patient maximum benefit
ABSTRACT
To assess the results of modified Kapandji wiring technique in unstable Colles' fractures. Descriptive study. At Ziauddin Hospital Karachi, From September 2005 to August 2006. A total of one hundred and eighty five adult patients presented in our centre with fractures of lower third of radius during the study period. Of these only twenty eight adult patients were included who had unstable fractures of the distal end of radius. There were nine male and nineteen female patients. Average age was 51 years. Three to four Kirschner-wires were used to stabilize the fracture. According to AO classification system thirteen were type A2, nine were type A3, and six type C1 fractures. X rays revealed good anatomical reconstruction consistent with a good wrist function. There was a much shorter period of rehabilitation as compared with plaster of Paris casts. No major complication occurred with this technique. For unstable fractures of the lower end of radius, intrafocal Kapandji wiring is a safe and successful method for achieving good results. It is easy to learn and perform. The device employed has a low cost
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Colles' Fracture/rehabilitation , Radius Fractures , Fractures, Closed , Bone Wires , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
To assess the success rate of tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis as the primary mode of voice rehabilitation in patients after total laryngectomy. Medical record files of 35 patients subjected to total laryngectomy were reviewed for determining success or failure of the voice prosthesis. The indicators used were quality of speech and utility of the device. Subsequent complications that developed were also assessed. In addition other factors taken into consideration were pharyngeal myotomy, use of radiation, and timing of replacement. All thirty five patients [n=35] had prosthesis placed at the time of laryngectomy. The success rate at one month and four months follow up was 85.18%. Of note, 3 patients were lost to follow-up, 3 patients died of disease and 2 had recurrence of disease. Our results confirm the effectiveness, longevity and safety of the tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis for speech rehabilitation following total laryngectomy